ViroAntibody Neutralization Assays
As a leading supplier of recombinant antibody (rAb) discovery and manufacturing, Creative Biolabs not only provides a wide range of specific neutralizing antibody products, but also provides neutralization antibody development services and various assays for neutralizing antibody discovery.
Background of Neutralizing antibodies (NeutAb)
NeutAbs are part of the humoral response of the adaptive immune system to viruses, intracellular bacteria, and microbial toxins. They can not only bind to viruses, but also bind in a way that blocks infection. NeutAbs can protect cells from pathogens or infectious particles by neutralizing any of their biological effects. By specifically binding to surface structures on infectious particles, NeutAbs can prevent them from interacting with their host cells, making them likely to be infected and destroyed. Therefore, NeutAbs are sufficient and necessary to prevent viral infections.
Fig.1 The mechanism of neutralization. (Klasse, 2014)
Currently, the function of NeutAbs is studied from two broad perspectives: binding and neutralization. In Creative Biolabs, antibody binding is usually studied by methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry (FC). Neutralization is usually assessed by pseudovirus reporter gene analysis in immortal cells.
- ELISA-Based Receptor-Binding Inhibition Assay
ELISA is a common method for analyzing biomolecular interactions. As a highly sensitive, specific and easily available technology, it is routinely used in almost every laboratory and can be carried out and adapted in various fashions. Inhibition ELISA is a single-point binding analysis method. Compared with the more commonly used sandwich ELISA, it can monitor protein-protein interactions in solution. Inhibition ELISA is used to probe one binding site at a time to detect binding partners with unlimited conformation in solution. The serial dilutions of the analyte in the solution can be used in a quantitative manner to assess the solution antigenicity or binding activity.
- FC-Based Receptor-Binding Inhibition Assay
Most biological products work by combining with some form of another part. FC was used to observe and analyze the interaction between fluorescent labeled ligands and their receptors. It is usually used to characterize the activity of the product by binding to its specific receptor. FC can measure the phenotype and functional parameters of cells, which has been used to diagnose and monitor the progress of diseases, and has proved the biological activity of drugs.
When the mechanism of monoclonal antibody (mAb) is to block the binding of ligands to cell surface receptors, in vitro binding assay can be used as an alternative potency test for therapeutic mAb.
- Pseudovirus Neutralization Assay
Pseudoviruses have become useful virological tools due to their security and versatility, especially for emerging and re-emerging viruses, such as the outbreak of the novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Due to its high pathogenicity and infectivity and the lack of effective vaccines and therapeutic agents, live SARS-CoV-2 must be treated under biosafety level 3 conditions, which hinders the development of vaccines and therapeutic agents. Based on the VSV pseudovirus production system, we have developed a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay. The serum titer determination during the pseudovirus neutralization test is based on the endpoint measurement and is used to assess SARS-CoV-2 in biosafety level 2 facilities and other virus neutralizing antibodies.
Fig.2 Schematic diagram of neutralization detection of pseudovirus.
In summary, our exhaustive service of ViroAntibody neutralization assays can guarantee to provide customers with the most compelling reproducible results, thus providing absolute confidence for your virological follow-up research. In addition, we also provide ViroAntibody discovery, ViroAntibody customized and ViroAntibody engineering services. If you are interested in our virology antibody services, please feel free to contact us or directly sent us an inquiry.
Reference
- Klasse, P. J. "Neutralization of virus infectivity by antibodies: old problems in new perspectives." Advances in biology 2014 (2014).
All products and services are intended for Research Use Only, and NOT to be used in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.