Human Herpesvirus (HHV)
Human Herpesvirus Antibody Products by Targets
Fig.1 Herpesvirus genome organization and morphogenesis.
Fig.2 Life cycle of HHV-6B.
Human Herpesvirus Background
The relationship between herpesvirus and human may have started thousands of years ago. Human herpesvirus (HHV) is a ubiquitous virus, once the first infection occurs, they remain in the body of infected individuals (incubation period) for life. HHVs cause a variety of diseases, infection is usually benign, but may cause different clinical manifestations in immunocompromised individuals.
Virus Classification and Structure of HHV
HHV belongs to Herpesviridae family, which is divided into three subfamilies: α-herpesvirinae, β-herpesvirinae and γ-herpesvirinae. Their differences lie in their viral and structural characteristics, as well as their pathogenicity potential. All viruses in the university are double-stranded DNA viruses. Different types of herpesviruses have similar structural characteristics. The list of herpesviruses infecting humans is shown in Table 1.
| Virus | Synonymous | Subfamily | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human herpesvirus 1 | Herpes simplex-1 | α | HSV-1/HHV-1 |
| Human herpesvirus 2 | Herpes simplex-2 | α | HSV-2/HHV-2 |
| Human herpesvirus 3 | Varicella-zoster | α | VZV/HHV-3 |
| Human herpesvirus 4 | Epstein-Barr | γ | EBV/HSV-4 |
| Human herpesvirus 5 | Cytomegalovirus | β | CMV/HHV-5 |
| Human herpesvirus 6 | None | β | HHV-6 |
| Human herpesvirus 7 | None | β | HHV-7 |
| Human herpesvirus 8 | None | γ | KSHV/HHV-8 |
Table 1. Members of the human herpesvirus family.
Since Herpes Simplex Virus, Epstein-Barr Virus, Varicella-zoster Virus and Cytomegalovirus are introduced separately, only the remaining viruses (HHV-6, 7, 8) are listed here.
- HHV-6 and 7
HHV-6 and HHV-7 belong to the Roseolovirus genus of the β-herpesvirus subfamily. HHV-6 is divided into two varieties, HHV-6A and HHV-6B. The size of virus particles is 160 nm to 200 nm, which has typical morphological characteristics of herpesvirus particles (a central core contains virus DNA, the size of capsid is 90 nm to 110 nm, and a tegument layer surrounded by membrane structure).
Fig.3 Schematic representation of HHV-6 and HHV-7 genomes. (Campadellifiume, 1999)
Primary HHV-6 and HHV-7 infections can cause a common early high fever infection syndrome, known as infantile violet (Rosola infantum) or exanthem subitum. HHV-6 is associated with transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplantation. In other types of transplants, the effects of HHV-6 are rarely relevant. HHV-7 has been studied under several types of conditions, but its effect is still unclear.
- HHV-8
The genome of HHV-8 consists of a long and unique region (140.5 kb), which encodes more than 80 open reading frames (ORFs), surrounded by terminal repeat regions (TRS) with high G + C content composed of 801 base pair direct repeat units.
HHV-8 is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and can lead to the death of immunosuppressed patients, especially acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Its genome is characterized by a large number of unique genes encoding human cell protein homologues. Recent studies have confirmed that many of these viral homologues are bioactive proteins, which can regulate growth, differentiation and cell survival, indicating that they may play a role in autocrine/paracrine stimulation of KS tumor cells or directly responsible for cell transformation.
Fig.4 The HHV-8 genome. (Foreman, 2001)
What Creative Biolabs offers?
HHV is infectious, which means they spread from person to person. In order to better understand the antigen structure of HHV and find an effective treatment for HHV infection, Creative Biolabs provides a large number of anti-HHV antibodies for hot targets to meet the needs of customers.
For special HHV antibodies, our expert team has the ability to provide comprehensive services for specific project needs, including:
- ViroAntibody discovery service
- ViroAntibody engineering service
- ViroAntibody customized service
- ViroAntibody neutralization assays service
If you are interested in our anti-HHV antibody products or services, please feel free to contact us for more details.
References
- Campadellifiume, G., et al. “Human herpesvirus 6: An emerging pathogen.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 5.3 (1999): 353-366.
- Foreman, K. E. "Kaposi's sarcoma: the role of HHV-8 and HIV-1 in pathogenesis." Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 3.09 (2001): 1-17.
- Barnes J, Wilson D W. Seeking Closure: How Do Herpesviruses Recruit the Cellular ESCRT Apparatus? Journal of Virology. 2019.
- Bolle L D, Naesens L, Clercq E D. Update on Human Herpesvirus 6 Biology, Clinical Features, and Therapy. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2005.
