Introduction
The rubella virus causes a mild, self-limiting viral illness (RUV). The common name "German measles" comes from the fact that it was first described as a distinct disease in German medical literature in the early 1800s. RUV typically causes mild measles-like symptoms in children and adults. When a pregnant woman becomes infected with the virus, it can result in a serious birth defect known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). People who breathe in virus-infected fluid spread it. Rubella is preventable with the rubella vaccine, which is more than 95% effective with a single dose. Despite the introduction of an effective vaccine and global vaccination programs, it is estimated that approximately 110,000 CRS cases occur globally each year.
Fig.1 RUV structure. (Dimech, et al., 2016)
Creative Biolabs has long been a trusted manufacturer and supplier of high-quality, well-proven monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Our expert team has extensive experience in virology research. We can provide a wide range of anti-RUV antibody products for a variety of applications.
Viral Genome and Proteins
Rubella virus (RV) is a positive-polarity enveloped single-stranded RNA virus that is the only member of the genus Rubivirus within the family Togaviridae. The viral genome is approximately 10 kb in size. The virus particles range in size from 40 to 80 nanometers and have spiky hemagglutinin-containing surface projections. The virion is made up of a spherical core that contains a capsid protein and a single copy of the RNA genome. Two nonstructural proteins (P90 and P150) and three structural proteins are encoded by the genome (one nucleocapsid and two envelope glycoproteins, E1 and E2).
Fig.2 RUV particle and genome organization. Left: (Avinash & Prashant, 2018); Right: (Das & Kielian, 2021).
- P150 and P90 are produced proteolytically from a P200 precursor. These proteins are thought to have a variety of enzymatic activities. p90 and p150 are viral replication proteins that are not immunogenic.
- The capsid protein initially interacts with viral genomic RNA to promote viral RNA synthesis.
- On the virion surface, the glycoproteins E1 and E2 form viral spike complexes. Because of its receptor-binding and membrane-fusion functions, E1 is the most important player during entry into target cells. It is the primary antigen and the sole target of RUV neutralizing antibodies. E1 and E2 are both capable of mediating infectious viral entry. It has previously been demonstrated that the E2 signal peptide serves as a membrane anchor for the capsid protein.
Creative Biolabs offers high-quality antibodies that target RUV. Please submit your specific requirements to us, and we will respond as soon as possible. Please consult with our scientists for antibody discovery, engineering, and customized services for targets that are not in our catalog. Please feel free to contact us for more details.
References
- Dimech, W.; et al. Standardization of assays that detect anti-rubella virus IgG antibodies. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2016, 29(1): 163-174.
- Avinash, M.; Prashant G. A mini review on rubella virus. Acta Scientific Medical Sciences. 2018, 2(9): 10-14.
- Das, P.K.; Kielian, M. Molecular and structural insights into the life cycle of rubella virus. Journal of virology. 2021, 95(10): e02349-20.
