Puumala Virus (PUUV)

Puumala Virus (PUUV) Antibody Products by Targets

PUUV Infection

Puumala virus (PUUV) is a type of Orthohantavirus in the Bunyaviridae family. Hantaviruses are the primary cause of two severe human diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) (HCPS). The majority of HFRS cases are caused by PUUV. The bank vole is the natural host of PUUV (Myodes glareolus). In rodents, the virus causes a lifelong persistent and asymptomatic infection. PUUV, on the other hand, is pathogenic in humans, causing nephropathia epidemica, a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with HFRS. Despite the fact that these infections are severe and have a high case fatality rate, there are no FDA-approved hantavirus countermeasures available.

Viral Genome and Proteins

Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) is a negative-sensed, single-strand RNA virus. The viral genome consists of small (S), medium (M), and large (L) RNA segments.

• The S-segment codes for the nucleocapsid protein (NP), the most abundant protein produced in infected cells.
• The M-segment codes for the precursor of the envelope glycoproteins (Gn, Gc), which together form the spike complexes of the viral envelope and play key roles in virus entry, assembly and budding.
• The L-segment codes for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Fig.2 Structure and genome organization of hantaviruses. (Mittler, et al., 2019)

Pathogenesis

Hantaviruses are responsible for two hyperinflammatory syndromes: HFRS and HPS. Many similarities exist between the two diseases, such as capillary leakage. A milder form of HFRS is caused by PUUV. Endothelial cells are frequently infected by viruses. However, because Hantaviruses are not cytotoxic in vivo, direct viral cytotoxicity is unlikely to be the primary cause of pathology. The infection causes excessive immune activation, including massive cytokine responses and cytotoxic lymphocyte activation. Tissue damage could be caused by infected monocyte/macrophage overproduction of cytokines, particularly TNF-, which is known to increase vascular permeability. Inflammatory mediators of the host immune response play an important role in the capillary leak, which can cause sudden hypotension and shock in critically ill patients. Several studies have found that PUUV-infected patients have strong cytokine responses, including elevated plasma levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF, TGF-1, IFN-, VEGF, and other inflammatory markers like CRP.

Creative Biolabs now offers PUUV antibody products to help our clients achieve their goals. If your desired antibody or target is not found in our catalog, please consult with our scientists about antibody discovery, engineering, and customized services. Please feel free to contact us for more details.

References

1. Kabwe, E.; et al. Orthohantaviruses, emerging zoonotic pathogens. Pathogens. 2020, 9(9): 775.
2. Mittler, E.; et al. Hantavirus entry: Perspectives and recent advances. Advances in virus research. 2019, 104: 185-224.