Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Antibody Products by Targets

Introduction

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), also known as blue ear disease, is a crippling viral disease that first appeared in the late 1980s. The PRRS virus (PRRSV) was first isolated in Europe and North America in the early 1990s. Since then, it has become a major pathogen in swine herds all over the world. PRRS causes reproductive impairment or failure in breeding animals, as well as respiratory disease in pigs of any age. In the PRRSV genome, deletions, insertions, and recombinations have occurred frequently, resulting in a wide range of viral strains.

Genotypes

Because of inherent errors in RNA transcription, the genome of the PRRS virus has significant heterogeneity. Comparisons of prototype isolates from Europe and North America revealed significant genetic differences, which were supported by antigenic data. As a result, PRRSV isolates are divided into two genotypes: North American (NA) or PRRSV-2 and European (EU) or PRRSV-1, with only 65% sequence identity.

Structure of PRRSV

PRRSV is a member of the Arteriviridae family in the Nidovirales order. The virion of PRRSV is pleiomorphic. It has a diameter of 50 to 74 nm and is round or egg-shaped. PRRSV is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus with an envelope. The viral genome is 15 kb in size and has ten open reading frames (ORFs): ORF1a, ORF1b, ORF2a, ORF2b, ORF3, ORF4, ORF5a, ORF5b, ORF6, ORF7. ORF1a and ORF1b encode two long non-structural polyproteins, pp1a and pp1ab, which are then processed into many functional nonstructural proteins (nsps) required for virus replication, genomic transcription, viral pathogenesis, and virulence. Other ORFs encode structural proteins such as glycoprotein 2 (GP2), envelope protein (E), GP3, GP4, GP5/5a, membrane protein (M), and nucleocapsid protein (N). GP2a, GP3, and GP4 form a hetero-trimer complex that aids virus entry. Both virion formation and viral infectivity require GP5, M protein, and N protein.

Fig.2 Genome structure and mature viral particle of PRRSV virus. (Ludwig-Begall, et al., 2021)

Table 1. PRRSV genome and its proteins.

Anti-PRRSV antibodies

Creative Biolabs strives to make veterinary research easier by constantly expanding our selection of reagents for veterinary immunology. We offer high-quality anti-PRRSV antibodies for high-priority targets. We also offer customized antibody development services for anti-PRRSV antibodies, including antibody discovery, engineering, and customized services. Please contact us if you require antibody discovery services or customized services.

To begin your research, browse our entire catalog of PRRSV antibodies.

References

1. Music,N.; Gagnon, C.A. The role of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus structural and non-structural proteins in virus pathogenesis. Animal health research reviews. 2010, 11(2): 135-163.
2. Montaner-Tarbes, S.; et al. Key gaps in the knowledge of the porcine respiratory reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV). Frontiers in veterinary science. 2019, 6: 38.