In most swine herds, porcine parvoviral infection (PPV) is a common cause of reproductive failure, characterized by embryonic and fetal death. The virus normally multiplies in the pig's intestine without causing clinical symptoms, but it can cross the placental barrier and cause endometritis, epithelial cell death, and fetal infection in pregnant sows. Anti-PPV antibody products are available from Creative Biolabs to help you accelerate your PPV research.
Background
The presence of PPV in pigs was first reported in 1967, and it was later identified as a causative agent of SMEDI syndrome (stillbirths, mummification, embryonic death, and infertility). PPV is now found all over the world, with herd prevalence in most countries exceeding 60%. It is transmitted orally via feces and other secretions from infected pigs. For decades, vaccination has been an effective tool for reducing clinical disease caused by PPV infection.
PPV Genome and Proteins
PPV is a non-enveloped DNA virus in the genus Parvovirus, family Parvoviridae. The genome is a 4.5-5.5 kb long linear single-stranded DNA sequence. The PPV1 genome encodes for two open reading frames (ORFs), with ORF1 located at the 5' end of the genome, and codes for three non-structural (NS) proteins (NS1, 2, and 3) that are important in viral replication. ORF-2 encodes the structural capsid proteins VP1 and VP2, which are thought to be related to virus virulence. To form the 25-nm-diameter capsid, the VP1 and VP2 assemble in a 1:10 ratio. By interacting with the PPV receptor, VP2 is the major component of the capsid proteins that have strong antigenicity to stimulate host immune responses and mediate virus infection.
Fig.1 PPV structure (Tijssen, et al., 2011); and genome. (De Souza, et al., 2018)
PPV Genotypes
In pigs, seven PPV genotypes have been discovered to date. These PPVs are classified into four genera based on amino acid similarity in the NS1 protein: protoparvovirus (PPV1), tetraparvovirus (PPV2-3), copiparvovirus (PPV4-6), and chapparvovirus (PPV7).
Anti-PPV Antibodies
To help you advance your veterinary immune research, Creative Biolabs offers a wide range of antibodies targeting animal viruses. Antibodies have been used in a variety of techniques and applications over the years. Our scientists understand your needs and provide top-performing, high-quality antibodies based on our antibody development platform. If you are unable to locate the catalog antibody you are looking for on our website, we also offer customized antibody development services such as antibody discovery, engineering, and customized services. As a client, you have the freedom to select the services you require. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you are interested in our products or services.
To begin your research, browse our entire catalog of PPV antibodies.
References
- Tijssen, P.; et al. Family parvoviridae. ICTV Report. 2011, 2011: 405-25.
- De Souza W.M.; et al. Novel parvoviruses from wild and domestic animals in Brazil provide new insights into parvovirus distribution and diversity. Viruses. 2018, 10(4): 143.
