Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus (CAEV)

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) Antibody Products by Targets

Introduction

CAEV is a retrovirus that causes chronic disease in multiple organ systems, including chronic peri-arthritis in multiple adult goat joints, encephalitis, chronic mastitis, and pneumonia. CAEV is a member of the Lentivirus genus, Orthoretrovirinae subfamily, and Retroviridae family. Caprine arthritis encephalitis can be caused by CAEV and Maedi-visna virus (MVV). They are both members of a small ruminant lentivirus subfamily (SRLVs). CAEV and MVV can naturally infect sheep and goats, respectively. The CAEV is available all over the world. CAEV is primarily transmitted through the consumption of virus-infected colostrum or milk. Infection affects goats of all breeds and ages, and once established, it persists throughout the animal's life. There are no commercially available vaccines to protect against CAEV infection.

CAEV Structure

CAEV is a spherical retrovirus with a diameter of 80-100 nm. The genome is an 8-kilobyte single-stranded RNA. CAEV, like other lentiviruses, has a complicated genomic organization. All CAEV mRNAs begin in the upstream long terminal repeat (LTR). The CAEV gene family includes three structural genes, gag (group-specific antigen), pol (polymerase), and env (envelope), as well as three accessory genes, tat, rev, and vif. The gag gene encodes the precursor for virion capsid proteins, which include capsid protein (CA), matrix protein (MA), and nucleocapsid protein (NP or NC). The envelope glycoproteins gp42 and gp135 or surface glycoproteins are encoded by the env gene (SU). Protease, reverse transcriptase, RNase H, integrase, and dUTPase are all encoded by the pol gene.

Fig.1 CAEV structure (Nuria, et al., 2005); and Genome organization (Balbin & Mingala, 2017).

Transmission

CAEV is spread through the consumption of infected colostrum or milk. CAEV cannot be transmitted to humans, even through the consumption of infected goat milk. CAEV and MVV frequently cross the species barrier, infecting and persisting in seemingly unsuitable target individuals while also spreading within the "wrong" target species. When a host cell is infected with two or more different SRLVs, their genomes may copackage into viral progeny. Persistent infections with both CAEV and MVV have been described in naturally infected goats, and viral chimeras formed by recombination between these variants have been discovered.

Fig.2 Cross-species transmission of SRLVs. (Minardi da Cruz, et al. 2013)

Antibodies to CAEV

Creative Biolabs provides antibodies to customers worldwide for veterinary immune system research. We provide anti-CAEV antibodies for a variety of hot targets such as CA, env, CAEV. We also offer customized antibody development services for CAEV antibodies, including antibody discovery, engineering, and customized services. For more information, please contact us.

To begin your research, browse our entire catalog of CAEV antibodies.

References

1. Minguijón, E.; et al. Small ruminant lentivirus infections and diseases. Veterinary Microbiology. 2015, 181(1-2): 75-89.
2. Nuria, Barquero.; et al. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus and visna-maedi virus//Molecular detection of animal viral pathogens. CRC Press. 2016: 167-175.
3. Balbin, M.M.; Mingala, C.N. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis//Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases of livestock. Springer, Cham. 2017: 191-213.
4. Minardi da Cruz, J.S.; et al. Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) break the species barrier to acquire new host range. Viruses 5. 2013, 1867–1884.