Introduction of Adenovirus

Introduction to Adenovirus

The adenovirus (AdV) usually refers to a class of DNA virus belonging to the genus of Human Mastadenovirus and the family of the Adenoviridae. AdV has a broad range of hosts causing a wide range of infections in humans, such as mild respiratory infections, pneumonia, follicular conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis. Discovered in 1953, AdV was named after the first isolation from human adenoid tissues. Up to now, more than 100 distinct adenoviral serotypes have been identified, among which about 51 types are common pathogens of humans and animals. Currently, AdV is more often used as a tool in molecular biological research and a viral vector for gene therapy due to its stable infectivity of human and other mammalian cells.

Fig.1 Adenovirus life cycle.

Structure of Adenovirus

AdV is a non-enveloped 70-100 nm icosahedral virus with a 26-45 Kb size double-stranded DNA genome inside. The genome of AdV is a non-segmented DNA containing 23-46 protein-coding genes organized in several transcription regions. Generally, the early (E) transcription regions, such as E1A, E1B, E2A, E2B, E3, and E4, are mainly responsible for the regulation of viral transcription, replication, and infectivity, whereas, the late (L) transcription regions (L1-L5) are involved in the viral capsid coding and assembly.

The icosahedral capsid is composed of 252 structural capsomeres with proteins hexon, penton, fiber, IIIa, VIII, and IX, of which the hexons are the major surface structural proteins as well as the targets of neutralizing antibodies. The penton and fiber are the ligands for the host cell receptors, while, the IIIa, VIII, IX, etc., proteins are the main structural proteins of the capsid for the assembly and stabilization of the AdV. The E transcription regions coding proteins are essential for AdV replication and multiply.

Fig.2 Adenovirus structure and genome organization.

Anti-Adenovirus Antibodies

Due to the epidemicity of AdV infections and wider applications of AdV, it is necessary to develop AdV related antibodies to detect AdV particles or inhibit the propagation of a viral infection. In Creative Biolabs, a variety of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against AdV and related proteins have been developed to satisfy scientific research needs. In addition to anti- AdV antibodies, we also provide antibodies targeting AdV infection-related proteins in humans, such as coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CXADR), BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 1 (BNIP1).

In addition, Creative Biolabs also provides various assays, customized antibody discovery and engineering services to advance your virology research. You can directly contact us for specific demands or send us an e-mail, our scientists will reply as soon as possible.

References

1. Singh, S., Kumar, R., et al. Adenoviral vector-based vaccines and gene therapies: Current status and future prospects. 2018, In Adenoviruses.
2. Stone D, Bolognani F, Lowenstein P, et al. Viral vectors for gene delivery and gene therapy within the endocrine system. Journal of Endocrinology. 2000, 164(2):103-18.

All products and services are intended for Research Use Only, and NOT to be used in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.